Aktau Biography

How well the inhabitants of Aktau know the “biography” of the Caspian Sea Natalya Shlyakhovaya, on July 3, how well the inhabitants of Aktau know the “biography” of the Caspian Sea of ​​the Inaktau photo. He decorated the shores with azure lagons and steep cliffs, which are broken from century to century. But was our beloved Caspian always the way we see and know him now?

Of course, no. And this confirms, among other experts, the biologist Lyudmila Bykov, who uploaded the nature department of the regional historical and local history museum up to a year. The conversation took place in the Montmartre cultural center. Once the ancient Ocean Attis was washed current Eurasia, and the land plot on which we live at the moment, and in particular the Mangistau peninsula, was the oceanic bottom.

But as a result of a large -scale earthquake and fault of the Turan slab, the bottom rose to the surface, and a huge pond broke into several seas: Mediterranean, Black, Caspian, Azov, Aral, Philippine, Javanese, Banda and Sulawesi. These seas at different times had different names, but now these are generally accepted geographical names. The latter was assigned to our sea thanks to the Caspians-the Sakov-Massaget tribe, which in the past centuries inhabited the sea coast and the right bank of the Kura River.

The fact that the Caspian is not entirely the sea, and the largest lake in the world has long been confirmed and proven. However, several million years ago, it connected with black and, according to all the rules, was considered precisely the sea. Our unique reservoir is divided into three parts: northern, middle and southern.

The most fresh water, of course, in the northern part, since rivers flow there. The most salty and cold - in the south, because it is the deepest. The Kazakhstani water area belongs to the middle part. But the problem of shallowing of all parts currently concerns each resident of the Caspian states without exception. Lyudmila Bykova clarifies that his level today is minus 29 meters.

Exactly the same mark was recorded in the m year. Then the water began to gradually rise, and this continued until the year. After a couple of decades of a stable level, the process is repeated - the sea leaves again. Scientists associate this with increased activity of the sun, with increased evaporation of moisture and a huge consumption of water resource for industrial needs.

Big and small rivers flows into the Caspian, but evaporation, due to climate warming, is ten times higher than the flow of water. Russian hydrologists believe that the tide will stop by the MU year, when the activity of the luminaries will decrease and relative cooling will come. Specialists from far abroad give a positive forecast only for a mu year. We hope that the Russians will be right, and our mature will soon return to the usual shores.

Moreover, as a result of the spring floods, its level in the northeastern part near Atyrau rose to see, in the prehistoric period in the Caspian, unprecedented animals, which are currently considered extinct. These are plesiosaurs, elasmosaurs, mosaurs, ichthyosaurs. Some were vigorous, while others laid eggs like dinosaurs. In one of the halls of the museum. Kekilbaeva stored the remains and gypsum casts of giant lizards - ichtiosaurus and elasmosaurus, not so long ago fragments of their skeletons were found in our region.

Elasmosaurus, for example, looks like a Lokhnes monster - his neck has an eight -meter length, and the body is only seven meters. Whales, sharks and sea crocodiles were also found in these waters. But it was a long time ago, and now you will not meet them in our abyss. But the Red Book Beast - the Caspian seal, or a sea dog, was familiar to us. He sailed here from the northern seas and adapted well.

But, according to genetic memory, the puppies leads in January on ice floes, trying to get as close to the northern part of the Caspian. There are practically no enemies of the seal, except for a person. The pollution of the sea basin and the causeless extermination of this pretty and harmless marine resident leads to a sharp reduction in its population. I would like a loud cry to sound from heaven: “People, change your mind, spare the animals!

Of the surviving Aborigines of autochthons, the most famous are herring and sprats. The latter is represented by the varieties of “Caspian”, “large -eyed” and “anchus -shaped”. This fish, although small, deserves special attention, since it is, from our sea, that is much tastier than her relatives. For example, the Baltic sprat is inferior to her for the reason that during the Second World War, many ships with a military “filling” sank in the waves of the Baltic Sea.

And this is not the best habitat for the sea fauna. Even animals eat such a sprat reluctantly, but they fight for the local - Caspian. Remember the fragment of the film “Ivan Vasilievich Changes the Profession”, where King John the Terrible is biting an anisovka, supposedly prepared by a keychain, sprats from a tin can? So these canned foods, with a characteristic blue label, were produced at a fish factory in Bautino, and the “Tulkin Fleet” largely in Soviet times mined the fish.If the picture is increased, then you can easily read the name of the manufacturer.

Ichthiologists associate this with the fact that in the year in the southern tip of the Caspian - closer to Iran and Turkmenistan, just where the sprat usually “grazes” - an underwater earthquake occurred. During the fault of the sea bottom, a powerful stream of hot gaseous lava burst out of the crack, the water was heated to a critical mark and the fish did not survive this natural cataclysm.

Fortunately, now, after twenty years, Astrakhan experts note that the number of valuable fish is slowly but correctly restored. Of the herring representatives, the most famous, of course, is the Blackspan, or the Caspian Hall. Such a herring, large and fat, was greasy in barrels. And, as a rule, it was so size that it was not placed in these same barrels in length, it was necessary to bend it - to wring it.

Hence the name "Hall". She spawns in Terek and Kura. It is not necessary to resemble her taste. It is good and fried and baked, and the amber beam from the prickly is simply amazing. It is impossible not to dwell on Kefali - very tasty and affordable at a price of wonderful fish. Perenos and Singil - these are its two varieties. In the years of the last century, she was brought from the Black Sea to the Caspian, took root here and in taste, thanks to the local feed base, surpasses the Black Sea.

Keffal is considered a pest because it destroys the caviar of other fish. But how tasty it is! And it excuses her. The carp, caught in Mangistau, is also tastier than, for example, the river Atyrau. From the Arctic Fauna, Caspian salmon settled in our country - a fan fish, tidbine, useful and relatively inexpensive. Lyudmila Ivanovna mentioned the needle-Emansip fish, which lay caviar in the male brood chamber; Bychkov - we have 33 species, crayfish - these are narrow, empty and Turkmen; Shrimp, brought to us from the Mediterranean.

And she added a spoonful of tar to the honey - from the Atlantic, Medusa Mnemiopsis, a dangerous parasite, causing irreparable damage to fishing, came to us. Most likely, she “arrived” here on the ship, clinging to his bottom. As you know, many foreign vessels enter our ports Aktau and Kuryk, and in addition to benefit, in this case there is a negative side of naval trade.

Be that as it may, one thing is clear - the sea in our country must be protected as the apple of the eye: not to allow oil spills, sewage stocks, not to pollute the shores and not exterminate the sea animals. Then no one will remain in the lining - neither people nor nature.