George Stephenson Biography

George Stephenson; June 9, Wilem, County Normberland-August 12, Chesterfield, County Derbishir-English inventor, mechanical engineer. I gained worldwide fame thanks to the steam locomotive invented by him. It is considered one of the "fathers" of the railways. George Stefenson was born in Wilem English. WYLAM, County Normberland, 15 kilometers from Newcastle-Apon-Tyn in the Shakhtar family.

From the age of 8 he worked for hire. He began to work as a coal sorter; But his attention was most occupied by pumps pumping water from the mines. The pumps were driven by a steam machine. At 17, Stefenson was appointed her driver. Then he got the opportunity to make out the whole car and study its device in detail. This aroused interest in the general principles of the device of individual mechanisms.

Stephenson’s childhood passed at the secrets built in the year from Wilem to the River of Secrets of a Wooden Deville Rive Long Lengers a few miles long. It was used to remove coal from the mine on lining with horse -drawn thrust and was actually the progenitor of modern railways. At the age of 18, he learned to read and write and, by stubborn self -education, acquired a specialty of a mechanic for steam machines.

In the year, Stefenson got a job as a coal minist. In the year, his wife Fanny gave birth to a son, who was called Robert. Over the next ten years, George has been studying steam engines. In the year, Stefenson fixed the car on pumping the water that worked in the mine. For this, he gets the place of the engineer. Now, in his practical work, he always strives to improve mine equipment and soon makes various improvements to Newcomen’s steam engine.

Thus, in the year he stopped engaged only in the maintenance of steam engines and began to independently design them. At the age of 31, he was appointed the main mechanic of coal penny. Here, Stefenson in the year developed a mine lamp of the original design, called the Jordi Lamp; It was invented almost simultaneously with the Davy lamp proposed by the English scientist Hemfrey Davy and is still not known which of the structures was the first.

To facilitate the export of coal to the surface, he first built a steam machine, which, with the help of a rope, pulled the trolleys. And in the year, Stefenson designed his first locomotive, designed to towing trunks with angle for a mining rail. This steam locomotive made no more than a kilometer per hour and in a month of work sprinkled so that it ceased to be valid.

Stefenson began to work again. It was necessary to build such a steam locomotive that could pull large severity and move much faster than the horse. And then his second steam locomotive appears, which then seemed a real miracle. This was the world's first successful experience in building a locomotive, which uses a friction force between smooth wheels with rebids and smooth metal rails to create a traction force.

He could lead a total weight of up to 30 tons. The car was called "Blucher" to it. Since then, the construction of steam locomotives has become the main matter of his life. In the next five years, Stefenson built another 16 cars. Stefenson's experiments gained recognition, and in the year he was attracted to the design and construction of a kilometer 8 miles of the railway line from the coal mine Hatton English.

Hetton to Sanderland English. It used a combined thrust: in one direction down the composition moved under the influence of gravity forces, and was tightened back to the top with the help of a steam locomotive. This road was the first to completely abandon the muscular force of animals in favor of mechanical traction. The initial project provided for the use of equestrian traction for the movement of carts with corner along metal rails.

After consulting with Stefenson, the director of the company Edward Pis English. Edward Pease agreed to change plans and switch to steam traction. In the year, Stefenson began work. In the year, he founded the world's first steam locomotive factory in Newcastle, at which in September the new locomotive was ready, called Ektiv. Locomotion No. 1. The opening of the line took place on September 27.

In addition to the cargo in the train there was an open passenger car "Experiment" English. Experiment, in which members of the acceptance committee rode. This was the first case in world practice by the use of a railway with steam traction to transport passengers. Already during the construction of the Stocton railway, Darlington Stefenson was convinced that the slightest upsurges significantly reduce the speed of the locomotive, and in the slopes primitive brakes are ineffective.

Based on these observations, Stefenson came to the conclusion that in the future, large irregularities of the relief should be avoided on new railways. When designing the lines of Bolton - Li English. Bolton and Leigh Railway and Liverpool - Manucher English. At the next session, a substantially processed project was accepted for execution.Its complexity was that the change in the route led to the need to lay the line through the peat bogs of the moss English.

Chat Moss. Stefenson put up his steam locomotive "Rocket" English to the contest. His rivals were: "Sayloped" English. Cycloped Thomas show Brandrett English. Thomas Shaw Brandreth "Novelty" English. Novelty is the novelty of John Ericksson English. John Ericsson and John Braveta English. John Braithwaite "Perseverns" English. Persevrance - persistence of Timothy Burtola English.

Timothy Burstall "San Paradise" English. Sans Pareil - the incomparable Timothy Hackworth English. Timothy Hackworth on October 6, with a large gathering of the people, races took place in history, as “Rainhil tests” of English. RainHill Trit. The steam locomotive of Stefenson was the only one who successfully completed all the tests. The brilliant victory of the Stefenson "missiles" made it, perhaps, the most famous mechanism in the history of technology.

The Liverpool -Manchter railway ceremony held on September 15 became a very important event of a state scale. On one of his steam locomotives, Stephenson himself stood as a driver. It was attended by many members of the government, including the Prime Minister of the Duke of Wellington. The holiday was overshadowed by the tragic death of a member of the parliament from Liverpool William Haskisson.

Wanting to talk with Wellington on the other side of the path, Haskisson tried to run through the path, not paying attention to the train approaching, was shot down by the Stefenson “rocket” and died on the way to the hospital, becoming the world's first person who fell under a steam locomotive. Nevertheless, the new railway, in general, was perceived positively.

In the year, Stefenson organized a project office in London, which became the scientific and technical center of railway construction. Being a conservative person, he was inclined to offer time -tested and therefore more reliable options. But often the routes or projects of structures chosen by him turned out to be more expensive than opponents proposed. Joseph Locke proposed building a straight line between Lancaster and Carlisle.

The option proposed by Stephenson assumed the laying of a significantly longer line through Alverston English. Ulverston and Whiteheven English. After comparing both options, the Lock project was chosen. In the year, Stefenson became the first president of the Institute of Mechanics Engineers English. By this time, he practically departed, smoking only the construction of the North Midland Railway railway tunnels and the mining industry in Derbishir.

Opening the undeveloped coal layers, Stefenson invested most of his funds in their development. According to Stefenson’s projects, steam locomotives began to be built in other countries. He belonged to those happy inventors who had a chance to see his plans embodied in his lifetime.

Stefenson died on August 12 in Tepon House English. Tapton House in Chesterfield County Derbishir. Subsequently, he became a prominent engineer-builder. Stephenson's student Joseph Lock English. It was used for its purpose for up to a year, and is now exhibited in the Darlington railway museum. In the year, in honor of the flight of the creation of the “rocket”, its active copy was built in England.

It is slightly different from the original with a shortened chimney. This is caused by the fact that over the past century and a half the height of the embankment in Rainhil English. Rainhill increased markedly, leaving a smaller clearance under the bridge. The portrait of George Stefenson was placed on the banknotes of the British State Bank of the UK 5 pounds. These bills were in circulation from June 7 to November 21.

Stefenson and Russia: There is an assertion that Nicholas I visited England in his youth, where he met with Stefenson in the year, tried himself in the role of a stoker and swept on a steam locomotive.