Voltaire Creativity Biography

The latest news biography two stargazers told Voltaire that he would live up to x years. But the great thinker managed to deceive death itself, he miraculously survived because of the failed duel with a certain nobleman from the de de Rogan. The biography of the French philosopher is full of both ups and falls, but, nevertheless, his name has become immortal for centuries. Voltaire, who left for England and returned to the sage, made an indisputable contribution to a special form of knowledge of the world, his name stands on a par with Denis Didro and Jean-Jacques Rousseau.

The thinker left the descendants of the story, poems, tragedies, and his books “Candide, or Optimism” and “Binge, or Fate” dispersed to quotes and winged expressions. The childhood and youth of Francois-Marie Arue was born at birth on November 21 in the city of Love-Paris. The baby was so frail and weak that immediately after birth, the parents sent for the priest. Unfortunately, Marierite Domar, Voltaire's mother, Margrit, died when the boy was seven years old.

Therefore, the future ruler of the thoughts of Western Europe grew up with his father, who was in the bureaucratic service. The monument to Voltaire is not to say that the relations of the little Francois and his parent were friendly, so it is not surprising that already in adulthood, Arue declared himself an illegitimate offspring Chevalier de Roshbrun, a poor poet and musketeer.

Francois Arue-Sr. gave his child to the Jesuit college, which is now called the Lyceum of Louis the Great. In this college, Voltaire studied “Latin and all kinds of nonsense”, because the young man, although he received serious literary training, but for the whole life he hated the fanatics of local Jesuit fathers who put religious dogmas above human life. Voltaire’s house, Voltaire's father, wanted his son to follow in his footsteps and become a notary public, so Francois was quickly attached to the law office.

Soon, the young man realized that the legal science, which the ancient Greek goddess Femis, is not his path. Therefore, in order to dilute the green longing with bright colors, Voltaire took up the inkwell and the feather not for the census of documents, but to compose satirical stories. The literature when Voltaire was 18 years old, he composed the first play and no longer doubted that he would certainly leave a mark in history as a writer.

Two years later, Francois-Marie Arue had already managed to be in Parisian salons and the sophisticated ladies and gentlemen the glory of the king of ridicule. Therefore, some literary figures and senior faces were afraid to find Voltaire’s publication, which puts them in front of society in a bad light. The fact is that a talented young man ridiculed the regent of the French kingdom under the young king Louis XV - Philip II of Orleans.

But the ruler did not react to Voltaire's pokes with proper humor, so the writer was sent for a year to the Bastille. But at the place of imprisonment, Voltaire did not lose his creative ardor, but on the contrary, he began to engage in literature intensively. Once in the wild, Voltaire received recognition and glory, because his tragedy “Oedipus”, written in the year, took place on the stage of the Comedy Franca theater.

Voltaire tells the fable of the young man to be compared with eminent French playwrights, so Voltaire who believed in his literary talent composed one work after another, and these were not only philosophical tragedies, but also novels, as well as pamphlets. The writer relied on historical images, so the regulars could see the actors dressed in Caesar, Brutus or Mohammed on the stage of the actors.

Total in the track record of Francois-Marie Arue 28 works, which can be attributed to classical tragedy. Voltaire also cultivated the aristocratic genres of poetry, messages, gallant lyrics and odes often came out from under his pen. But it is worth saying that the writer was not afraid to experiment and mix the seemingly incompatible things tragic and comical in one bottle. He was not afraid to dilute the rational coldness of notes of sentimental sensitivity, as well as in his ancient works, exotic characters often appeared: Chinese, Iranian -speaking Scythians and confessing Zoroastrism of emblems.

As for poetry, the classic epic of Voltaire “Heniad” was published in the year. In this work, the Great Frenchman condemned the kings of the halves for their frantic veneration of God, using not fictional images, but real prototypes. Further, approximately in the year, Voltaire works on the fundamental satirical parody poem "Orleans Virgin". But the book itself was first printed only in OM, before that anonymous publications were published.

But the work of the writer is by no means a biography of the commanding troops, but a continuous irony on the structure of French society and the church. It is worth noting that Alexander Sergeyevich Pushkin was read out in his youth, the Russian poet even sought to imitate Voltaire in his poem Ruslan and Lyudmila, but, having matured, Pushkin addresses a very critical work to the “French mentor”.The bust of Voltaire, among other things, Francois-Marie Arue also distinguished himself with philosophical prose, which has gained unprecedented popularity among contemporaries.

The master of the pen not only immersed the holder of the book in adventure stories, but also made us think about the futility of being, the majesty of man, as well as the meaninglessness of pure optimism and the absurdity of ideal pessimism. The work “Simple”, published in the year, talks about the misadventures of the adherent of the “theory of natural law”. This manuscript is a mixture of lyrical elements, education novel and philosophical story.

The plot revolves around a typical character - a noble savage, a kind of Robinson Cruisor of the Enlightenment, which illustrates the innate morality of a person before his contact with civilization. But it is also worth paying attention to the novel of Voltaire Candide, or Optimism, which instantly became the world bestseller. The composition was dusting for a long time behind the hopeless curtain, since the work was prohibited due to obscenity.

It is interesting that the writer himself “Candida” considered this novel stupidity and even refused to recognize his authorship. As a rule, the main character of such a work is an adventurer who causes sympathy.

Voltaire’s book “Candide, or Optimism” But Voltaire’s most cited book is endowed with absurdity and angry sarcasm: all the adventures of the heroes were invented in order to make fun of society, the government and the church. In particular, the Saxon philosopher Gottfried Leibniz, propagandizing the teaching described in the Theodicle, or the Justification of God, fell under the disgrace.

The Roman Catholic Church brought this book in the blacklist, but this did not prevent the “candida” to gain fans in the person of Alexander Pushkin, Gustav Flaubert, Fedor Dostoevsky and American composer Leonard Bernstein. Philosophy so happened that Voltaire returned to the cold walls of the Bastille. In the year, a conflict occurred between the writer and Chevalier de Rogan: the provocateur allowed himself to publicly ridicule Francois-Marie Arue, who, under the pseudonym, Voltaire allegedly tried to hide his nowing origin.

Since the author of the tragedies for a word does not climb into his pocket, he allowed the offender: “Sir, my name is waiting for Glory, and yours - oblivion! For these impudent words, the Frenchman paid literally - he was beaten by the footman de Rogan. Thus, the writer felt from his own experience what bias was, became an ardent defender of justice and social reforms. Having left the alienation zone, Voltaire unnecessary in his homeland, by order of the king, was expelled to England.

It is noteworthy that the state structure of the United Kingdom, which was fundamentally different from the conservative monarchical France, struck him to the tips of his fingers. The acquaintance with the English thinkers who unanimously claimed that a person could turn to God, without resorting to the help of the Church, was also useful. Voltaire’s portrait of the journal of the island state set out the French thinker in the treatise “Philosophical Letters”, promoting the teachings of John Locke in it and denying materialistic philosophy.

The main ideas of “philosophical letters” were equality, respect for property, security and freedom. Voltaire also hesitated in the question of the immortality of the soul, he did not deny, but did not affirm the fact that life exists after death. But in the question of the freedom of human will, Voltaire passed from indeterminism to determinism. Louis XV, having learned about the treatise, ordered Voltaire's work to be burned, and send the author of a non -parallest work to the Bastille.

To avoid the third imprisonment in the cell, Francois-Marie Arue went to Shampan, to his lover. The eccentric Voltaire dictates Voltaire’s letter, a supporter of inequality and a zealous opponent of absolutism, criticized the structure of the church to the fluff, but he did not support atheism. The Frenchman was a deist, that is, recognized the existence of the Creator, but denied religious dogmatism and supernatural phenomena.

But in the 60s, skeptical thoughts took possession of the volter. When contemporaries asked the enlightener if there is a “higher authority”, he replied: “There is no God, but my footman and wife should not know this, since I don’t want my footman to stab me, and my wife came out of obedience.” Although Voltaire, contrary to the desire of his father, did not become a lawyer, later the philosopher was engaged in human rights activities.

In the year, the author of "Candida" participated in the petition to cancel the death sentence to the merchant Jean Kalasu, who became the victim of a biased trial due to a different faith. Kalas personified Christian xenophobia in France: he was a Protestant, while others professed Catholicism. The philosopher Voltaire is the reason Jean in the year was executed through wheeled is the suicide of his son.

At that time, a person who personally raised his life was considered a criminal, which is why his body was publicly dragged on ropes and hung in the square.Therefore, the Kalas family presented the suicide of the offspring as a murder, and the court considered that Jean killed a young man because he accepted Catholicism. Thanks to Voltaire, three years later, Jean Kalas was rehabilitated.

Personal life in his free from the composition of treatises and philosophical thoughts, Voltaire played chess. For 17 years, the opponent of the Frenchman was Jesuit Father Adam, who lived in the house of Francois-Marie Arue. Beloved, as well as the muse and inspirer Voltaire, was the Marquis Du Chatele, who passionately loved mathematics and physics. This young lady even happened to translate the fundamental work of Isaac Newton in the year.

Emily was a married woman, but she believed that all the responsibilities for a man should be fulfilled only after the birth of children. Therefore, the young lady, without enduring the framework of decency, plunged into fleeting novels with mathematicians and philosophers. The beauty met Voltaire in a year, and provided shelter from re -imprisonment in the Bastille - the spouse's dilapidated castle, in which the philosopher spent 15 years of his life, returning there from numerous trips.

Voltaire, in old age, Du Chatele instilled in Voltaire a love of equations, the laws of physics and mathematical formulas, so lovers often solved complex problems. In the fall of the year, Emily died after the birth of a child, and Voltaire, who lost the love of his life, plunged into depression. By the way, few people know that Voltaire was actually a millionaire. Even in his youth, the philosopher got acquainted with the bankers who taught Francois to invest in capital.

The writer who got rich by the forty years invested in the equipment of the French army, gave money to buy ships and bought works of art, and at his estate in Switzerland was pottery production. Death in the last years of his life Voltaire was popular, every contemporary considered it his duty to visit the Swiss house of the wise old man. The philosopher was hiding from the French kings, but with the help of persuasion returned to the country of Cezanne and Parmesan, where he died at the age of x years.

Voltaire's sarcophagus the remains of the author of intricate statements and views were buried in the national tomb in Pantheon Paris.