Biography of famous surgeons

Nicholas Pirogov, his father Ivan Ivanovich Pirogov served as a treasurer. He had fourteen children, most of whom died in infancy. Of the six surviving, Nikolai was the youngest. A familiar family helped him to get an education - a well -known Moscow doctor, professor at Moscow University E. Mukhin, who noticed the boy’s abilities and began to deal with him individually.

And already at the age of fourteen, Nikolai entered the medical faculty of Moscow University, for which he had to add for two years, but he passed the exams no worse than his senior comrades. Pirogov studied easily. In addition, he had to constantly earn extra money to help the family. Finally, Pirogov managed to get to the position of a native at the anatomical theater.

This work gave him an invaluable experience and convinced him that he should become a surgeon. Having graduated from the university, one of the first in performance, Pirogov headed to prepare for professorship at one of the best in Russia in Russia, the University of Yuryev in the city of Tartu. Here, in a surgical clinic, Pirogov worked for five years, brilliantly defended his doctoral dissertation and at twenty -six became a professor of surgery.

In his dissertation, he was the first to study and described the location of the abdominal aorta in a person, circulatory disorders during its ligation, circulatory paths during its obstruction, explained the causes of postoperative complications. After five years in Dorpt, Pirogov went to Berlin to study, the famous surgeons, to whom he was driving with respectfully bowed head, read his dissertation, hastily transferred to German.

He found teachers, who combined everything that he was looking for in the surgeon of Pirogov, he found not in Berlin, but in Gettingen, in the person of Professor Langenbek. The Gettingen professor taught his purity of surgical techniques. Returning home, Pirogov became seriously ill and was forced to stay in Riga. As soon as Pirogov rose from the hospital bed, he undertook to operate.

He began with rhinoplasty: he cut a new nose to the legless barber. The inevitable lithotamia, amputation, and tumor removal followed the plastic surgery. Having set off from Riga to Dorpt, he found out that the Moscow department promised to him was given to another candidate. Pirogov received a clinic in Dorpt, where he created one of his most significant works - “Surgical anatomy of arterial trunks and fascia”.

The description of the operations of pies provided with drawings. Nothing like anatomical atlases and tables used before it. Finally, he goes to France, where five years earlier, after the professorship institute, he did not want to let go of his bosses. In Parisian clinics, Nikolai Ivanovich finds nothing unknown. Curious: barely being in Paris, he hastened to the famous professor of surgery and anatomy Velpo and found him reading the "surgical anatomy of arterial trunks and fascia." In the city of Pirogov he was invited to the Department of Surgery at the Medical and Surgical Academy of St.

Petersburg. Here the scientist worked for more than ten years and created the first surgical clinic in Russia. In it, he founded another area of ​​medicine - hospital surgery. Nikolai Ivanovich is appointed director of the instrumental plant, and he agrees. Now he comes up with the tools with which any surgeon will perform the operation well and quickly.

He is asked to accept the position of a consultant in one hospital, in another, in the third, and he again agrees. In the second year of Petersburg life, Pirogov became seriously ill, poisoned by hospital miasm and the bad air of the dead. A month and a half could not rise. He regretted himself, washed away his soul with sorrowful thoughts about the years lived without love and a lonely old age.

He sorted out in the memory of everyone who could bring him family love and happiness. The most suitable of them seemed to him by Ekaterina Dmitrievna Berezina, a girl from a noble, but collapsed and very impoverished family. A hasty modest wedding took place. Pirogov had no time - great things were waiting for him. He simply locked his wife in four walls hired and, on the advice of acquaintances, furnished apartment.

Ekaterina Dmitrievna died in the fourth year of marriage, leaving Pirogov two sons: the second was worth her life. But in the difficult days of grief and despair for Pirogov, a great event happened - his project of the world's first anatomical institute was highest approved. In Russia, on February 7, Comrade Pirogov at the Professor Institute, Fedor Ivanovich Inozemtsev, did the first operation under anesthesia on February 7.

Soon Nikolai Ivanovich took part in hostilities in the Caucasus. Here the great surgeon performed about 10 operations under ether anesthesia. After the death of Ekaterina Dmitrievna Pirogov, he was left alone. And at home boys, sons, Nikolai and Vladimir were waiting for him. Pirogov twice unsuccessfully tried to marry the calculation, which he did not consider it necessary to hide from himself, from his acquaintances, it seems that from the girls planned in the bride.In a small circle of acquaintances, where Pirogov sometimes spent evenings, he was told about the twenty -two -year -old Baroness Alexander Antonovna Bistrom.

Pirogov made Baroness Bistrom an offer. She agreed. When the Crimean War began in the year, Nikolai Ivanovich considered his civil duty to go to Sevastopol. He achieved his appointment to the army. By operating the wounded, Pirogov for the first time in the history of medicine used a gypsum bandage, which allowed to speed up the healing process of fractures and saved many soldiers and officers from ugly curvature of the limbs.

On his initiative, a new form of medical care was introduced in the Russian army - sisters of mercy appeared. Thus, it was Pirogov that laid the foundations of military field medicine, and his achievements formed the basis of the activities of military field surgeons of the XIX-XX centuries. After the fall of Sevastopol, Pirogov returned to St. Petersburg, where at the reception of Alexander II he reported to Prince Menshikov’s mediocre leadership.

The king did not want to listen to the advice of Pirogov, and from that moment Nikolai Ivanovich fell out of favor. He was forced to leave the Medical and Surgical Academy. Assigned by the trustee of the Odessa and Kyiv educational districts, Pirogov is trying to change the school education system that existed in them. Naturally, his actions led to a conflict with the authorities, and the scientist again had to leave his post.

In gg. Then, he successfully operated on Giusep Garibaldi. From G. Vishnya, where he opened the hospital, a pharmacy and handed over land to the peasants as a gift. He traveled from there only abroad, as well as at the invitation of St. Petersburg University to give lectures. By this time, Pirogov was already a member of several foreign academies. As a consultant in military medicine and surgery, he went to the front during the Franco-Prussian and Russian-Turkish wars.

In May, G. However, at that time, the scientist was already inconspicuously ill, and in the summer of G. But with his own death he managed to immortalize. Shortly before the death, the scientist made another discovery - he proposed a completely new way of embalming the dead. Pirogov’s body was embalmed, put into an crypt and is now preserved in Vinnitsa, in the line of which the estate turned into a museum.

Ilya Efimovich Repin wrote a portrait of Pirogov, located in the Tretyakov Gallery. After the death of Pirogov, a society of Russian doctors was founded in his memory, regularly convening Pirogov congresses.

The memory of the great surgeon is preserved now. Every year, on his birthday, a prize and a medal of his name for achievements in the field of anatomy and surgery are awarded. Pirogov is called the 2nd Moscow, Odessa and Vinnitsa medical institutes. Cover: I. Repin "Portrait of the surgeon N. Pirogov ", year. From the collection of the Tretyakov Gallery.