Biography of the Potebnya

He was engaged in the development of the theory of literature of the topic: the doctrine of the “internal form” of the word, the poetics of the genre, the nature of poetry, language and thinking, as well as folklore, ethnography, issues of general linguistics, phonetics, grammar and semasiology of Slavic languages. Corresponding Member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences Guryev T.

Potebnya Alexander Afanasevich [September 10, p. Gavrilovka Romensky Poltava lips. He graduated from the History and Philology Faculty of Kharkov University defended the master's “about some symbols in Slavic folk poetry”, and the doctoral “from notes on Russian grammar”, dissertation. He trained in Germany, visited a number of Slavic countries to collect materials on the history of language and folklore.

C - Professor of Kharkov University. Corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences in the study of the history of language and thinking rely on the ideas of V. considered the people living in the elements of his native language, its creator and at the same time the subject of reverse influence. The language forms an ethnic group, it is the most important means of the spiritual development of the nation.

He paid much attention to the practical collection of folklore and historical and cultural materials of Ukrainian and Russian ethnic groups, proving their deep kinship, the community of mythopoietic consciousness. Studying the myth as a special phenomenon in the development of thinking, he interpreted it as an “act of conscious thought, an act of cognition”, acting as the first step in the “explanation of the unknown”.

In his learning about the language, he distinguished the external sound shell of the word, its abstract meaning and internal form. The latter is associated with etymological content, carries the image developed by the memory of the people, recognizable in speech. On the basis of its policy and game of meanings, artistic poetics of verbal creativity are formed. Potebnya had a significant impact on the development of domestic historical linguistics, ethnopsychology, semiotics, and poetics of symbolists.

Kutsenko is a new philosophical encyclopedia. In four volumes. Stepin, A. Huseynov, G. Potebnya Alexander Afanasevich 10 Gavrilovka Romensky. In the city of Potebnya, he entered the Kharkov University of the Faculty of Law, then transferred to the historical and philological faculty, which he graduated in the city He passed the master's exam in Slavic philology and was left at the university.

He studied in Berlin, where he took the lessons of Sanskrit from A. During trips to Slavic countries, he studied the Czech, Slovenian and Serbokhorvat sir. Prior to the defense of the doctoral dissertation “From the notes on Russian grammar”, partly on the formation of Potebnie’s political views, the tragic fate of his brother - Andrei Potebni, the active member of the “earth and will”, who died during the Polish uprising, the democratic sympathies of Potebni, which he did not hide, served as the reason for a wary attitude towards him from the side of the official authorities, had a great influence.

The main scientific interest of Potebni lay in the field of studying the ratio of language and thinking. According to Potebne, “language is a means not to express a ready -made thought, but to create it”, that is, the word in its structure is a unity of articulate sound, the internal form of the word and abstract meaning. The internal form of the word is associated with its closest etymological meaning and serves, as a representation, a communication channel between a sensual way and an abstract meaning.

The word with its internal form is a means of "transition from the image of an object to a concept." Many thoughts and ideas expressed in general form formed the basis of a number of modern areas of humanitarian knowledge. Potebnya was the creator or stood at the origins of the birth of historical grammar, historical dialectology, semiotics, sociolinguistics, ethnopsychology.

The philosophical-linguistic approach allowed him to see in myth, folklore, literature of various sign-symbolic systems, derived in relation to the language. So, a myth, from the point of view of Potebni, does not exist outside the word. The internal form of the word, acting as an intermediary between what is explained in the myth, and what he explains, was crucial for the emergence of myths.

The myth is an act of “explanations of the unknown X by the totality of these features, united and brought to consciousness in word or image a”. Of great importance for the philosophical views of Potebni are the categories of "people" and "nationality". Based on the ideas of V. Humboldt, Potebnya considered the people the creator of the language. At the same time, he emphasized that it was the language, once arising, determines the further development of the culture of this people.

According to Potebne, nowhere and the spirit of the people is so fully and vividly manifested as in its traditions and folklore. It is here that those values ​​are created that then feed professional art and creativity. Potebnya himself was a tireless collector of Russian and Ukrainian folklore, he did a lot to prove the unity of the basic folklore-mythological plots of the two Slavic peoples.

The problem of “language - nation” formulated by him was developed in the works of D. Ovsyaniko -Kulikovsky, D. N Kudryavtseva, N. Trubetskoy, Spet.Studies of Potebni in the field of symbols of language and artistic creativity were attracted in the XX century. Numerous roll calls with the ideas of Potebni are contained in the works of V. Ivanov, A.

Bely, Bryusov and others. Ivanov Russian philosophy. Under the general editorship of M. Apryshko, A. Works: from notes on the theory of literature poetry and prose. Trails and figures. Poetic and mythical thinking. Kharkov,; About some symbols in Slavic folk poetry. Kharkov,; From lectures on the theory of literature. Kharkov,; From notes on Russian grammar. Literature: White A. Thought and Language Philosophy of Language A.

Symbolism as a worldview. Kyiv, ; Presnyakov O. Poetics of knowledge and creativity: the theory of literature A. in graduated from Kharkov University and taught with it. C - Professor of Kharkov University; Corresponding Member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences with the central work of Potebni “From Notes on Russian Grammar” played an outstanding role in the substantiation of historical linguistics, in the development of the grammatical theory of the Russian language.

Potebnya was one of the first in Russia to put on the basis of an accurate factual study the development of issues of the history of thinking in his connection with the language, tried to establish the general semantic principles of a person’s awareness of the basic categorical relations of reality. Considering the speech units as an act of thought in which the language form acts as a “reference to a meaning”, the warranty justifies the doctrine of the “internal form” of the word.

According to this teaching, along with an iconic shell and an abstract meaning, the word has a “internal form”, t. The internal contradiction between such sensual images and abstract meanings determines, in the opinion of Potebni, the genesis of reference activity. Developing the doctrine of the role of the language in mental activity, the Potebnya indicates that the presentation of the meaning of the speech signal, i.e., in the work “From the notes on Russian grammar”, the Potebnya analyzes the sensory image in the word as the “internal sign” of its semantics and considers the closest meaning of the word, which is nationwide and is a condition for understanding of speech in the function of the “internal form”.

Analyzing the image and significance as the main components of art, the Potebnya emphasizes the policy of his language, introduces the form of the image and significance in the word, is, according to Potebni, historical in nature; It outlines the specifics of both the mythological consciousness of the figurative and conceptual sides of its language characterized by the non-properness of the figurative and conceptual sides of, and the forms of artistic and poetic thinking in which the meaning is refracted through the image and scientific thinking of the value of the meaning above the image.

Studying the genesis of grammatical and logical categories, the Potebnya revealed the categorical syncretics of primitive thinking, associated with archaic non -verification of ideas about substance and attributes, and considered the path of its overcoming. In connection with the analysis of the history of thinking and its categories, Potebnya develops ideas of empirical justification of logic.

Valuable results were obtained in the field of literary criticism, folklore, Slavic studies. Potebnya believed that only specific things were objective, and the general conclusions about them were a product of “personal thought”. Hence the concept of Potebni about the anthropomorphism of categories of thinking. The materials of the site are used large encyclopedia of the Russian people.

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