Pharaoh Ramses biography

Reigned for 66 years - BC. With him, Egypt, see Egypt, was the last time in the era of the New Kingdom reached significant power. After Ramses II entered the throne, he waged long wars with the Hittites of the army, the mountain tribes that inhabited the central part of Asia Minor, as a result of which Egypt secured Palestine and Southern Syria. During the struggle, Ramses II showed outstanding military.

The materials of the Soviet military encyclopedia were used. Under him, Egypt for the last time in the era of the New Kingdom reached significant power. Continuing the campaigns of his father, network I, Ramses restored Egypt's power in Palestine; In Syria, Ramses ran into the Hittites, who also claimed it. After the battle of Kadesh, a year BC. Ramses is characterized by extremely wide construction activities.

The wars and huge funds spent on the maintenance and construction of temples were ruined by the working layers, enriching the nobility and priests. The poor began to harden, and the middle layers gradually lost economic independence. Ramses II had to resort to mercenaries, which weakened the country's military potential. Soviet historical encyclopedia. In 16 volumes. Tom Literature: Readingomatia on the history of the Ancient East, M.

Watering of the Garden with the help of Shadufs. Painting from the tomb of Ipui in Thebes. XIX dynasty. Having entered the throne at the age of twenty -two years, Ramses II continued his father’s conquest policy on a wider scale; He set out to restore the territory of the Egyptian power within the borders of the times of Thutmos III. In order to return Egypt to the former dominant position in Palestine, Phenicia and Syria, the young Pharaoh was to join the martial arts with the Hittites who were fixed in these countries.

In the fifth year of his reign, G. Ramses II stepped on his first campaign against the Hittites. Under his command there was a thousandth army, divided into four corps. In just a month, the pharaoh went from the border fortress Char to the cadet, in the vicinity of which the Hittites numerous army were located under the leadership of King Muvalley. On the side of the Hittites against the Egyptians, detachments from the Syrian cities and the hired troops of various low -Aazi tribes came out.

The scouts sent by the Hittites informed Ramses II that Muvatall, frightened by the number of Egyptian troops, retreated north. Taking it as a clean coin, Pharaoh did not wait for the approach of the whole army and moved forward with an avant -garde corps. On the way, he came across an enemy army ready for the battle. Pharaoh had to accept the battle, despite the small number of his forces.

In the midst of the battle of Hittites and their allies surrounded the Egyptians, who fought with the courage of the doomed. Ramses II threatened death or, at best, captivity. However, soon the position of the pharaoh was leveled by the approach of the rest of the army. The battle flared up with renewed vigor. The opponents dispersed only with the onset of darkness. The next day, Ramses II planned to resume the battle, but the Hittites retreated.

Pharaoh triumphed a victory, which, however, went to him expensive cost: several thousand Egyptians were killed on the battlefield. As a result of this campaign, he could not gain a foothold in Syria and Palestine. For as many as 16 years, Ramses II fought with the Hittites. His subsequent campaigns in Syria were carried out with more caution. Only in the twenty -first year of reign did he manage to capture Kadesh.

The Hittite king Hattusheli III signed a peace treaty with him, fastened by the marriage of the pharaoh in the Hittite princess. Ramses II made several campaigns to Nubia, where he suppressed several uprisings of native tribes. Ramses II Rules Egypt for sixty -six years. His longend reign was marked not only by military successes, but also by wide construction activities. On his orders, several new cities were built in the delta, and among them the new capital of Egypt Pereses "Ramses Domes".

Under Ramses II, the construction of a giant column hall was completed in the Fi-Vevsky temple of Amon-Ra, and a luxurious temple was also erected near the Thebes, called Ramamsey. A special temple of the trash was erected in Abidos. In Nubia, Ramses II built a number of temples, among which a magnificent cave temple in Abu Simbel with a facade decorated with four colossal statues of the Faral-Waiste was especially stood out.

Materials of Prince. A brief biography of the rulers and generals of antiquity. Minsk, Ramses II approx. Based on the successes achieved by his great father, Ramses tried to return to Egypt his former glory and rally the Asian possessions of Tutmos III. At the beginning of his reign, he undertook two military campaigns against the Hittites - at that time the most powerful people in West Asia.

The second of them ended in the battle of Kadesh in Syria. Ramses almost suffered a complete defeat and saved his life only thanks to personal courage and timely support from the rear, but this battle became the main subject of his pride and was immortalized in numerous majestic monuments as a glorious victory.In fact, this “victory” forced Ramses to conclude an agreement with the Hittites after about 15 years - the first of the famous in history, in which the new Asian power was recognized as equal to Egypt.

This treaty was even sealed between Ramses II and the daughter of King Hattusilis III, after which she was elevated to the rank of the main wife of the Egyptian king. Long - length approx. He remained in the history of Egypt as one of the great builders, and there is hardly at least one city in the country, not decorated with the temple erected by him. No less diligently, he attributed to himself the construction of monuments that erected his predecessors.

Although the residence of Ramses II made the birthplace of his ancestors in the eastern part of the delta, where he built a magnificent new capital for himself, he favored the upper Egypt - the temples of Abidos, Luxor, Karnak and Western Thebes. There he erected his memorial temple, known as Ramaksum. The huge temple, built by him in Nubia, in Abu Simbel, was doomed to flood during the construction of a high-altitude Aswan dam.

However, it was able to recreate it in a new, higher place. The giant temple of Abu Simbela with the four colossal sculptures of Ramses is cut in a rock-the most remarkable and better than others the preserved structure that he erected. True, in size it surpasses the hypostyle hall in Karnak, along with the Great Pyramid of the Huf, considered to be the miracles of the world. Ramses II, without a doubt, was as great as Tutmos III, but the zeal in the construction of his own and the assignment of other people's monuments ensured him the greatest fame among all the pharaohs.

The materials of the Encyclopedia "World around us" were used. Ramses II is the king of Egypt of the ancient dynasty, which ruled in the GG. The son of the network I and Tui. Wives: 1 Neftriters; 2 with G. Ramses began his reign with the suppression of the rebellion in Nubia, and then repelled the attack of the Libyans. No later than G., fragmentary inscriptions report the numerous ships of the enemy and the defeat of Sherdan during sleep.

From this it can be concluded that the battle occurred at sea or in the Nile delta, and the warlike Sherdani were taken by surprise by the Egyptians. In the city, the campaign ended with a large battle under the walls of Kadesh. According to Egyptian sources, the Hittite king Mivallis tried to create the impression with Ramses that his army was weak. Having bought this trick, the pharaoh left most of his troops at the crossing of Onthte, and he hurried to the cades with insignificant forces.

Here, the Egyptians engaged in the construction of the camp were suddenly attacked by the entire Hittite army. Enemies easily broke through unfinished fortifications, and the battle boiled at the Ramses Chatter himself. Pharaoh and his bodyguards courageously defended themselves, but there were too few of them to restrain the onslaught of the attackers.

Death threatened them when the Egyptian guard arrived at the aid of this unit called the WENAANEY “NeRIM”, which means “well done”. Their blow was a complete surprise for the Hittite army, bored in a small space. In a hot battle, almost all Hittite chariots were destroyed. Ramses managed to break out of the environment. The night, the night put an end to the battle, the outcome of which remained ambiguous: the Hittites retreated under the walls of Kadesh, the battlefield remained beyond Ramses, but his army suffered significant losses.

At dawn, Pharaoh again attacked the Hittite king, but again could not achieve a decisive advantage. When the battle began to subside, Muvallis sent an ambassador to Ramses with a proposal to conclude peace. And although Egyptian sources report a complete victory, the terms of the concluded agreement indicate the opposite: Ramses had to come to terms with Hittite domination not only in Northern Syria, but also in the country of Amurra, won during the reign of the Ramses of the Network 1.

This peace treaty could not be strong. Ramses hastily opposed the rebels, pacified the Primorsky Ashkelon in the south, Moab east of the Dead Sea, Akku on the Phoenician coast, Yeno on the border with the south of Livan and a dozen more small cities. Then the Egyptians invaded the country of Amurra and took a large fortress of Dapur, which was protected by the Hittic garrison.

However, Ramses could not regain this area in medium Syria. The war lasted another 13 years. Finally, in g.