Herzen Decembrist biography

Born: March 25, the illegitimate son of the rich Russian landowner I. Yakovlev and a young German bourgeois Louise Gaga from Stuttgart. Got a fictional surname Herzen - the son of the heart from him. He was brought up in the house of Yakovlev, received a good education, got acquainted with the works of French enlighteners, read the forbidden verses of Pushkin, Ryleyev. Friendship with a talented peer, future poet N.

Ogarev, who continued their whole lives, had a deep influence on Herzen. According to his memoirs, Herzen was a strong impression on the boys of 13, Ogarsh of 12 years made news of the uprising of the Decembrists. Under his impression, they have ... the first, still vague dreams of revolutionary activity are born; During a walk on the Sparrow Hills, the boys vowed to fight for freedom.

In the year, Herzen entered the Physics and Mathematics Department of Moscow University, where he soon formed a group of progressively thinking students. This time includes his attempts to present his own vision of the social structure. Already in the first articles, Herzen showed himself not only a philosopher, but also a brilliant writer. Already in years, Herzen wrote a philosophical article on F.

Wallenstein in this youthful period of Herzen's life by his ideal was Karl Moor - the hero of the tragedy of F. Schiller, the “robbers” in the year Herzen with a silver medal graduated from the university. He was arrested in the year - for the fact that in the company of friends he allegedly sang songs defaming the royal surname. In the year, he was first sent to Perm, then to Vyatka, where he was determined to serve in the office of the governor.

For the construction of an exhibition of local works and the explanations given when it was examined by the heir to the future Alexander II, Herzen, at the request of Zhukovsky, was transferred to the service of a board adviser to Vladimir, where he married, secretly from Moscow his bride, and where he spent the happiest and brightest days of his life. In the year, Herzen was allowed to return to Moscow.

Turning to artistic prose, Herzen wrote the novel “Who is to blame? In the year, Herzen with his family left Russia, having left for Europe. Observing the life of Western countries, he interspersed his personal impressions with historical and philosophical research of letters from France and Italy,-; From that shore, -, etc. In the years, a series of personal dramas of Herzen passed: death in the shipwreck of the mother and youngest son, the death of his wife from childbirth.

In the year, Herzen settled in London. By this time he was perceived as the first figure of Russian emigration. Together with Ogarev, he began to publish revolutionary publications - the Almanac “Polar Star” - and the newspaper “Bell” - whose influence on the revolutionary movement in Russia was huge. But its main creation of the emigrant years is "Past and Duma." The author himself called this book a confession, "about which stopped thoughts from the thoughts gathered there." The first five parts describe Herzen's life from childhood to events - when the author suffered severe mental trials associated with the crash of the family.

The sixth, as the continuation of the first five, is devoted to life in England. The seventh and eighth parts, even more free in chronology and theme, reflect the life and thoughts of the author in the years. All other works and articles of Herzen, such as “Old World and Russia”, “Le Peuple Russe et Le Socialisme”, “ends and the beginning”, and others. In the year, Herzen left England and went on a long trip to Europe.

At this time, he moved away from revolutionaries, especially from Russian radicals. Arguing with Bakunin, who called for the destruction of the state, Herzen wrote: "You cannot free people in an outer life more than they are liberated inside." These words are perceived as the spiritual will of Herzen. Like most Russian Westerners-radicals, Herzen passed in his spiritual development through a period of deep passion for Hegelianism.

Hegel's influence is clearly traced in the series of articles “amateurism in science” - their pathos - in the assertion and interpretation of Hegelian dialectics as an instrument of cognition and revolutionary transformation of the world “algebra of the revolution”. Herzen severely condemned the abstract idealism in philosophy and science for isolation from real life, for “a priororism” and “spiritualism”.

The further development of these ideas received in the main philosophical composition of Herzen - “letters about the study of nature” - continuing criticism of philosophical idealism, Herzen defined nature as “pedigree thinking”, and in the idea of ​​pure being saw only an illusion. Nature for a materialistic thinker is an eternally living, “wandering substance”, primary in relation to the dialectics of knowledge.

In the letters of Herzen, quite in the spirit of Hegelianism, he substantiated consistent historiocentrism: “Neither humanity nor nature can be understood past historical being”, and in understanding the meaning of history, he adhered to the principles of historical determinism. However, in the thoughts of the late Herzen, the previous progressism gives way to much more pessimistic and critical estimates.

He was buried in the Pere Lashez cemetery. Later, his ashes was transported to Nice and buried next to his wife’s grave. Detailed biography.