Mozart Bach Biography

Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus Biography Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart was born on January 27 in the family of Leopold Mozart, violinist and composer at the court of the Salzburg archbishop. The ingenious giftedness allowed Mozart from the age of four to compose music, very quickly master the art of playing a clavier, violin, organ. Father skillfully led his son's activities. In gg. Wolfgang's older sister was a gifted clavir, he sang, conducted, masterfully played on different instruments and improvised.

At the age of 14, Mozart was awarded the papal order of the Golden Spurs, elected a member of the Philharmonic Academy in Bologna. On trips, Wolfgang got acquainted with the music of different countries, mastering the genre characteristic of the era. Thus, acquaintance with I. Bach, who lived in London, brings to life the first symphonies, in Vienna he receives orders for operas in the genre of Italian opera-Buffa “Premanding Nickname” and German Zingshpil “Bastien and Bastienne”; A year earlier, the Latin comedy “Apollo and Hyacinth” was delivered at the University of Salzburg.

The stay in Italy was especially fruitful, where Mozart was being improved in the Polyphonia counterpoint in J. Martini Bologna, puts the opera-seria in Milan “Mithridates, the King of the Pontic”, and in the city of the brilliant young man he was less interested in the miracle of the noblon, and L. Mozart could not find places for him at any European court. I had to return to Salzburg to fulfill the duties of a court accompanist.

Mozart's creative aspirations were now limited to orders for the composition of spiritual music, as well as entertainment plays - divertications, cassations, and serenades. Mozart continued to work in this area later in Vienna, where his most famous work of this kind was created - “Little Night Serenade”, a kind of miniature symphony, full of humor and grace. Mozart writes and concerts for violin with an orchestra, clavier and violin sonatas, etc.

One of the tops of the music of this period is Symphony Sol Minor No25, which reflected the rebellious “verter” moods, close in spirit to the literary course “Storms and onslaught”. Turning in the provincial Salzburg, where he was held by the despotic claims of the archbishop, Mozart is making unsuccessful attempts to get a job in Munich, Mannheim, Paris. Trips to these cities, however, brought a lot of emotional first love - to the singer of albias Weber, the death of mother and artistic impressions, reflected, in particular, in the clavier sonatians of La Minor, La Major with variations and Rondo Alla Turca, in the concert symphony and Alta with the ort.

Separate opera settings “Sleep” Scipio ”-,“ King of the Pass ”-, both in Salzburg; The “imaginary gardener” - Munich did not satisfy Mozart's desires to regular contact with the opera theater. The setting of the opera-seria “Idomena, the Cretan king” Munich revealed the complete maturity of Mozart-artist and man, his courage and independence in matters of life and creativity.

Arriving from Munich to Vienna, where the archbishop went to coronation celebrations, Mozart tore him, refusing to return to Salzburg. The excellent Viennese debut of Mozart was Zingshpil “The kidnapping from Seral”, a burgheater, whose premiere was followed by the marriage of Konstanta Weber's younger sister of Aloisia. However, subsequently opera orders did not receive so often.

The court poet L. da Ponte contributed to the production of operas written on his libretto on the stage of the burgheater: two central creations of Mozart-“Figaro's Wedders” and “Don Juan”, as well as the opera-Buffa “Everyone does this”; In the Schoenbrunn of the Summer Residence of the court, one -act comedy with the music “The Director of Theater” was also put in the first years in Vienna Mozart often performs, creating concerts organized by the philanthropists for the clavier with an orchestra for his “academies”.

The study of the works of I. Bach and Gendel, F. Bach, who directed his artistic interests to the field of polyphony, gave a new depth and seriousness to his intentions, was of exceptional importance for the creativity of the composer. This was very clearly manifested in fantasy and sonata to the minor, in six string quartets dedicated to I. Haydn, with whom Mozart was associated with a large human and creative friendship.

The deeper the music of Mozart penetrated into the secrets of human life, the more individual the appearance of his works became, the less success they used in Vienna received in the city The composer in Prague found much more understanding, where in the city of Mozart he set up another opera in Prague - “Mercy of Titus”, which mostly indicated the role of the tragic theme in the work of Mozart.

The same courage and novelty noted the “Prague Symphony” by the Major and the last three symphonies No 39 Mi-Bemol Major, No 40 Sol-Minor, No. 41 Do-Major-“Jupiter”; Summer, which gave an unusually bright and complete picture of ideas and feelings of their era and paved ways to symphonism of the 19th century. Of the three symphonies G.The last immortal creations of the Mozart genius were the opera “Magic Flute” - the anthem of the light and mind, the theater in the Vienna suburb - and the mournful majestic detail, not completed by the composer.

The surprise of Mozart’s death, whose health was probably undermined by the long-term overvoltage of creative forces and difficult conditions of recent years of life, the mysterious circumstances of the Order order as it turned out, the anonymous order belonged to a certain Count F. Valzag-Sephandapah, who intended to give him out for his composition, the burial in the common grave-all this gave rise to the spread of legends about the poisoning of the poisoning Mozart see.

Based on materials from the Belcanto site.