The biography of the philosophers of Aristotle

The latest news biography Aristotle is an ancient Greek thinker, a student of Plato, who over time entered into a polemic, the founder of the peripathetic school, the mentor of Alexander the Great. His contribution to science is invaluable. For more than 2 millennia, philosopher scientists have used the conceptual apparatus created by him, his ideas formed the basis of the natural sciences.

The legacy of Aristotle has about 50 books that have come down to us thanks to the efforts of his students and followers. Childhood and youth Aristotle was born in the city of Stagira, which is located in the Greek colony of Thrace. Due to the name of his hometown, Aristotle was often called Stagir. He came from the dynasty of healers. The mother of the festival was of noble origin.

Portrait of Aristotle. Therefore, since childhood, he taught the boy the basics of medicine, as well as philosophy, which was considered a mandatory science for every doctor among the Greeks. But the planes of the father were not destined to be fulfilled. Aristotle was orphaned early and was forced to leave Stagir. At first, the summer young man went to Asia's Opecan Proksen, and in the year BC.

Aristotle studied not only politics and philosophical movements, but also the world of animals and plants. In total, he spent about 20 years at the Plato Academy. Having formed as a thinker, Aristotle rejected the teaching of the mentor about the ideas of incorporeal entities of all things. The young philosopher put forward his own theory - the primaryness of the form and matter and inseparability of the soul from the body.

The portrait of two thinkers leading disputes was perpetuated by the master of the Renaissance - Rafael Santi on the Frest “Athenian School”. Aristotle leaves for the island of Lesbos, to the city of Mitilen, because of the execution of his friend Hermia, also a former student of Plato, who started a war against the Persians. After 2 years, Aristotle goes to Macedonia, where King Philip invited him to educate the heir - summer Alexander.

The period of the biography of the thinker, which he devoted to the training of the future famous commander, lasted almost 8 years. Upon returning to Athens, Aristotle founded his own philosophical school "Likey", which is also known as the peripathetic school. Aristotle’s philosophical teaching divided science into theoretical, practical and creative. He attributed physics, mathematics and metaphysics to the first.

These sciences, according to the philosopher, are studied for the sake of knowledge proper. To the second - politics and ethics, since thanks to them the life of the state is built. He attributed all types of art, poetry and rhetoric to the latter. Depending on these firsts, he defined actions and subjects as a good or atrocity. The thinker has become the founder of the hierarchical system of categories.

He distinguished them of the essence, quantity, quality, attitude, place, time, possession, position, action and suffering. All existing is distributed to inorganic formations, the world of plants and living beings, a world of various species of animals and humans. The fundamental concepts of space and time as independent entities and as a system of relations formed by material objects during interaction began to take shape with the ideas of Aristotle.

Aristotle with a bust of Homer. The philosopher presented the image of an ideal state in the essay "Politics". According to the theory of the thinker, a person is realized in society, since he lives not only for himself alone. He is associated with other individuals by blood, friendly and other bonds. The purpose of civil society is not so much economic prosperity and the profit of individuals as universal good, “eudmonism”.

It is possible only thanks to the streamlining of life by civil law and moral laws. He identified 3 positive and 3 negative reign options. To the correct, pursuing the purpose of the common good, he attributed the monarchy, aristocracy and policy. To the wrong, pursuing the private goals of the ruler, attributed tyranny, oligarchy and democracy. Philosopher Aristotle.

The thinker described his view on the development of the theater genre of drama in the essay "Poetics." Only the first part of this work has survived to this day, the second, allegedly, contained information about the structure of the ancient Greek comedy. Thinking about the theater and art as a whole, Aristotle puts forward the idea of ​​the existence of a phenomenon of imitation, which is characteristic of a person and gives him pleasure.

Another fundamental composition of the philosopher is called "about the soul." In the treatise, Aristotle reveals a number of metaphysical issues related to the life of the soul of any creature, determining the difference in the existence of a person, animal and plant. Also here the philosopher describes 5 feelings tangibility, smell, hearing, taste and vision and 3 abilities of the soul to growth, sensation and reflection.

In addition, Aristotle managed to study and reflect on all the sciences available in his time. He left the works according to logic, physics, astronomy, biology, philosophy, ethics, dialectics, politics, poetry and rhetoric. The collection of the works of the great philosopher is called the "Aristotelian Corps." Personal life about the nature of the scientist can be judged by some memoirs of his contemporaries.According to the devoted followers of Plato, Aristotle did not restrain his emotions when it concerned philosophical disputes.

Once, the thinker even quarreled with the mentor so much that Plato began to avoid an accidental meeting with the student. It is known that Aristotle had two wives and two children. In the year BC. Aristotle and Pythiad had one daughter of Pythiad. After the death of the first wife, the philosopher began to cohabit with the maid herpellida, who gave him the heir - the boy Nicomach. The death after the death of Alexander of Macedon in Athens increases riots against Macedonian domination, and Aristotle himself, as a former teacher of Alexander, is accused of godlessness.

The philosopher leaves Athens, as he suggested the possibility of repeating the fate of Socrates - poisoning with poison. The phrase he said “I want to save the Athenians from a new crime against philosophy” has become a famous quote. To show Aristotle his support, he follows a huge number of his students. But the philosopher did not live in a foreign land for too long. 2 months after the resettlement, he dies at 62 years of life from a serious illness of the stomach, which has recently tormented him.

After the death of the mentor, his school “Likey” was led by a devoted student of Theofrast, who developed the teachings of Aristotle about botany, music, and the history of philosophy.

He took care of maintaining the works of the thinker. Philosophical works.