Rapoport Joseph Biography

Born on March 14, in the city of Chernihiv, the administrative center of the Chernihiv province, now-the Chernihiv region of Ukraine, in the family of a therapist. After graduation in the year, he was admitted to the biological faculty of Leningrad State University, where, after the defense of the thesis, a course was held in the specialty "Genetics". After graduating from the university, he studied at graduate school at the Genetic Laboratory of the Institute of Experimental Biology of the USSR Academy of Sciences, led by a prominent biologist N.

in the year graduated from graduate school, defending the dissertation for the degree of candidate of biological sciences at the Institute of Genetics. During the Great Patriotic War, he went from the platoon commander to the chief of staff of the Guards Regiment of the Guards Rifle Division, was seriously wounded in and years, lost his left eye. In the year he defended his doctoral dissertation at the biological faculty of Moscow State University named after M.

Lomonosov, when he was a listener of accelerated commander courses of the M. Frunze Military Academy in Moscow. For the courage and ingenuity shown on the battlefields in particular, the case of a successful attack by German tanks in Hungary in Hungary by the Rapoport with the help of Faust Patrons, captured by the Germans, was awarded many combat awards, and also presented to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union repeatedly.

Its main scientific achievement was the discovery of chemicals that possessed strong mutagenic properties of mutagenes and supermutagenes, and conducting appropriate experiments on flusophyla flies confirmed the initial guesses and insights of the scientist, which later resulted in the emergence of an independent section of genetics, known as a chemical mutagenesis.

However, the genetics, against which a deeply anti -scientific campaign for discredit was launched in the USSR in the year, with a light hand of figures such as T. Lysenko, and with the support of I. Stalin, was enrolled in the category of “ideologically alien phenomena”. At the notorious August session of the All -Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences named after V.

Rapoport, being an adherent of genetics, he opposed the Lysenkovschina. In the year for disagreement with the decisions of this session, he was expelled from the ranks of the CPSU b. The defeat of genetics and subsequent punitive measures against its adherents, which consisted, first of all, in the collapse of scientific schools and the forced re -qualification of scientists, did not bypass I.

Rapoport: in years he worked as an employee of the oil and geological ministries, engaged in paleontology and stratigraphy. In the year, he returned to scientific research in the field of genetics: at the Institute of Chemical Physics of the USSR Academy of Sciences, together with a group of scientists, he conducted a search for chemical mutagenes, analysis of their properties in comparison with radiation mutagenes, as well as experiments in the field of phenogenetics.

In the year, at the suggestion of Academician N. Semenov, the creation of a department of chemical genetics consisting of four laboratories began at the same Institute of Chemical Physics. This made it possible to expand research in a number of areas of theoretical and experimental genetics, but the main topic was the study of hereditary and non -priority variability.

Since the beginning of the 10ths, the introduction of the results obtained in agricultural selection has been unfolded, in industrial microbiology and then in several more directions. I. Rapoport worked invited to lead the group at this institute until the end of his life. By the Decree of the President of the USSR of October 16, for a special contribution to the preservation and development of genetics and selection, the training of highly qualified scientific personnel to Rapoport, Joseph Abramovich, was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor with the award of the Order of Lenin and the Golden Avid “Sickle and Hammer”.

He lived and worked in the city of Moscow. He died on December 31. He was buried at the Troekurovsky cemetery in Moscow. He was awarded the Order of Lenin Laureate of the Lenin Prize