Shcherbina Fedor Biography

In G. in Stavropol, teachers I. Kuvshinsky and A. They were united by the desire to fill the ordinary life with new ideas, consonant with time. Therefore, in the city of Fedor left the fourth grade of the seminary and with several comrades formed the first agricultural artel of intellectuals in the village of Brinkovskaya Kuban region, which lasted two years. They had to plow, mow, engage in fishing, as artisans rejected the operation of hired workers.

Shcherbina in his memoirs, - covered in our almost complete ignorance of political movements and shifts in the advanced ranks of the intelligentsia, devoted to the interests of the labor mass. I perfectly understood this and decided to enter the Petrovsky Academy or, perhaps, to another special educational institution, if necessary. I did not leave the idea that stored by various scientific knowledge, it would be necessary to follow the path of reorganization and improvement of the economic system and orders in their native places, in the Cossack troops and, perhaps, in the whole of Russia.

” Shcherbina entered the Petrovsky agricultural and forest academy at the expense of the Kuban Cossack army. The military scholarship was issued as an incentive for the article “From the village”, published in the “Kuban Regional Vedomosti”. He did not study at the Academy for long, he had to leave her due to the conflict with the administration. Shcherbina passed an additional exam at the Richelian gymnasium of Odessa and moved to study at the Novorossiysk University also by the Cuban army scholarship holder.

Here he continued to get acquainted with the working artels and took up political activities, for which he was arrested several times, and then was exiled to the Vologda province. There he lived for four years, first in Solvychegodsk, and then in Kadnikov. Shcherbina advocated the need for socio-democratic transformations in Russia. At the same time, he was against terror and revolutionary changes in the life of society.

From the exile to the Kuban, he returned to the city for nineteen years, starting with G., under his editorship, all the works of this department came out - 66 volumes of statistical materials. He was awarded the Kharkov University Cash Prize for the preparation of the "Collection of statistical information in the Voronezh province." For the book "Voronezh Zemstvo, GG.

Felitsyn, he works on the collection "Kuban Cossack army - gg. The collection was presented to the heir, Tsarevich and Grand Duke Nikolai Alexandrovich during the stay in the Kuban of Emperor Alexander III. Shcherbin was granted a diamond ring. According to the political views and kind of Shcherbin’s activity, he was a populist - “went to the people” and was engaged in campaigning among workers and peasants, whose fate and life always worried him.

The reason for the second expulsion of Shcherbina was the fact that, being the chairman of the Voronezh agricultural committee, he drew up a report on the needs of the peasants of the Voronezh province. The interests of Shcherbins did not close only on political and social issues. His works are devoted to issues of ethnography, sectarian movements, and folk self -offices.

He was the first to systematize information about the Stundists. Their sects arose in the south of Russia in the middle of the 19th century among peasants and artisans under the influence of foreign Protestants who lived in the colonies. The name of the sect itself translates as a time of religious reading for farm laborers.

The article on this sect of Shcherbin published in the “week” in the city of the main problems of his research is the study of peasant farms, the introduction of monetary relations in natural economy, a change in the way of the peasant family, the position of agricultural workers, the emergence of agricultural capitalism, the relationship between the owner and the farm, etc.

Fedor Andreyevich was engaged in the statistics of iron roads in different regions of Vladikavkazskaya railway. In his articles, he reported statistical information about road productivity in these areas, about the methods and forms of bread trade, the influence of the railway on the spread of agricultural guns, about trade intermediaries, about nonresident. Non -Novice in the Cossack villages considered all not the Cossacks.

Shcherina began to publish his first articles in the “Kuban Regional Vedomosti” in the city of G. Separate books were published: “The peasant farm in the Voronezh district,“ Essays on the South Russian artels and communal forms ”,“ Land community of the Kuban Cossacks ”,“ History of the Voronezh Zemstvo ”,“ Peasant budgets ”and many others. In just forty years of activity, he published more than 70 articles and essays of a scientific-statistical nature.

For the study of peasant budgets that Shcherbina was one of the first in the country, the Russian geographical society awarded Fedor Andreevich a large gold medal, and for evaluative work he was awarded the Prince Vasilchikov Prize. In the year, he was elected a corresponding member of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. In - gg. His most voluminous work “History of the Kuban Cossack Army” consists of two volumes.It was written on the basis of documents of local archives, the processing of which was engaged in a special staff of employees of six people, hired by funds from the military treasury.

The first volume is dedicated to the ancient history of the Kuban and the North Caucasus, the origin of the Kuban Cossacks and its way. He was published in the city of it tells about the new history of the Kuban Cossack army. At this time, Shcherbina held the position of head of the Zemstvo Statistical Committee and his main interests were the development of provisions on zemstvo self -government in the Black Sea province and resolving the land issue of the Kuban Cossacks in the military radio.

Shcherbina was elected a deputy to the second State Duma from the Cossacks of the Kuban and tried to solve these issues at the state level. He becomes the chairman of the Cossack faction of the Duma. Shcherbina did not take part in revolutions shocked by the country. He did not become the side of the Bolsheviks, although from an early age he was engaged in political activities, defended the interests of the people.

The ideas of the Bolsheviks turned out to be alien to him, as well as Denikin’s volunteer army. But after the Bolsheviks came to power, he goes into opposition - he becomes a member of the counter -revolutionary Kuban regional Rada, and then emigrates to Prague. There he is engaged in teaching and becomes the rector of the Ukrainian University, founded by emigrants from Ukraine, then a professor at the Ukrainian Maryar Academy in the Podebrad.

He left memories of his life. Shcherbina died in the city