Biography of Sakharov s

Nobel Laureate of the World for a year. Father, Dmitry Ivanovich Sakharov, is a teacher of physics of the Pedagogical Institute. Lenin, mother Ekaterina Alekseevna Sakharova Ur. Sofiano is the daughter of a hereditary military man Alexei Semenovich Sofiano - a housewife. Grandmother by mother Zinaida Evgrafovna Sofiano - from the family of Belgorod nobles of the Mukhanovs.

The godfather is a famous musician Alexander Borisovich Goldenweiser. Childhood and early youth passed in Moscow. The initial education of Sakharov received at home. He went to school from the seventh grade. After the start of the war, in the summer he tried to enter the Military Academy, but was not accepted for health reasons, in the year was evacuated to Ashgabat.

In the year he graduated from the university with honors. In the year, he was distributed at the disposal of the People's Commissar of Arms, from where he was sent to the cartridge plant in the same year made an invention to control armor -piercing cores and made a number of other proposals. From for a year he did several scientific works on his own and sent them to the Physical Institute.

At the beginning of the year, he was called there for passing graduate exams, after passing he was enrolled in graduate school. He defended his thesis in the year. In the year he was enrolled in a special group and worked in the field of the development of thermonuclear weapons for up to a year, participated in the design and development of the first Soviet hydrogen bomb according to the scheme called the "Sakharov Puff".

Sakharov along with I. Tamm in gg. At the Moscow Energy Institute, he read courses of nuclear physics, the theory of relativity and electricity. Doctor of Physical and Mathematical Sciences year. In the year, he signed a “three hundred letter” against the infamous activity of academician T. Lysenko from the end of the X he actively advocated the cessation of nuclear weapons tests.

Contributed to the conclusion of the Moscow Treaty on the Prohibition of Testing in Three Wednesdays. From the end, X was one of the leaders of the human rights movement in the USSR. They had three children - two daughters and a son. In the year, he met Elena Georgievna Bonner, and married her. He then had three children, and Elena Bonner had two, the children of both spouses were already quite adults.

They did not have common children. In the year he wrote a brochure “Reflections on progress, peaceful coexistence and intellectual freedom”, which was published in many countries. In the year, he became one of the three founding members of the “Moscow Human Rights Committee” along with Andrei Tverdokhlebov and Valery Chalidze. In the year he addressed the “memorial note” to the Soviet government.

In the year he married Elena Bonner. In the year he wrote the book "On the Country and Peace." In the same year, Sakharov was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. In Soviet newspapers, collective letters of science and culture figures are published with condemning the political activity of A. In September of the year, he appealed to the Organizational Committee on the problem of the death penalty, in which he advocated the abolition of it in the USSR and all over the world.

In December and January, he made a number of statements against the introduction of Soviet troops into Afghanistan, which were printed on the editorials of Western newspapers. In Gorky, Sakharov spent three long hunger strikes. In the year, he, along with Elena Bonner, withstands the first, seventeen -day, for the right to go to her husband abroad, L. Alekseeva Bride Sakharov.

At the end of the 10th - early xs, a campaign against Sakharov was held in the Soviet press. In the Great Soviet Encyclopedia of the year, which came out before G., according to some reports, the wording belonged to M. In July four academicians Prokhorov, Skryabin, Tikhonov, Dorodnitsyn signed a letter “When they lose the honor and conscience” of the Pravda newspaper, July 2 with condemnation of A.

in May 26 days - in protest against the criminal persecution of E. April-October of the year-the third days-for the right of E. Bonner to go abroad for heart surgery. Sakharov was forcibly hospitalized and forcibly fed. Throughout the Gorky exile, A. Sakharov in many countries of the world, a campaign was defended in many countries. For example, an area of ​​a five -minute walk from the White House, where the Soviet embassy in Washington was located, was renamed Sakharov Square.

In various world capitals, “Sakharov hearings” were held regularly from the year.

He was released from the Gorky link only with the beginning of perestroika, at the end of the year - after almost seven years of imprisonment. Gorbachev with a promise to focus on scientific work and stop public performances if a wife’s trip for treatment is allowed to promising their social activities. The next day, the call of M. Gorbachev, who allowed Sakharov and Bonner, really came to return to Moscow.

At the end of the year, together with Elena Bonnar Sakharov, he triumphantly returns to Moscow. After returning, he continued to work at the Physical Institute. Consulted with Sophia Kallistratova on Law. In November-December of the year, the first trip of Sakharov took place abroad met with the presidents R. Reagan, J. Bush, F. Mitterin, M.In the year he was elected People's Deputy of the USSR, in the May-June of the same year he participated in the 1st Congress of People's Deputies of the USSR at the Kremlin Palace of Congresses, where his speeches were often accompanied by slamming, cries from the hall, whistling from the part of the deputies, who later the leader of the MDG, historian Yuri Afanasyev and the media characterized as an aggressive-listener.

In November, he submitted a draft of a new Constitution, which is based on the protection of personality rights and the rights of all peoples to statehood. He died on the evening of December 14, from a heart attack in his apartment on Chkalov Street. He was buried at the Vostryakovsky cemetery in Moscow. Detailed biography.