Evenki biography
The lifestyle and the life support system most of the Evenki were hunters-navels. Products of hunting, fishing gave food and clothes. The hunt was the occupation of men, but if necessary, women also hunted. They also hunted a mountain ram, boar, less often for a bear. Evenki used various tricks for each hunting season. In the aisles of the seizures, self -shooting was installed. Self -shot at sable.
During the rut, in August-September, they hunted with special decorations: Pichavun for Kosul and Kabargu, Oreevun for Riser and Elk. In the fall, a dog was used in the fishing of a moose. She held the beast in place, while the hunter tried to quietly approach the distance of the shot. They mined borop and waterfowl. The prey of Evenki, according to the custom, was shared between relatives and neighbors.
Before the arrival of the Russians, Evenki did not know firearms, they hunted with onions and arrows. The cold weapon of the Evenks was a spear of a guide and palm tree knife a knife on long handles. Hunters Yakut and Tungus with palm trees in their hands. Photo by P. Good and P. Then flint rifles, berdanks, hard drives, and toes were penetrated into their life.
Fly animals were mined, following the example of Russian hunters, traps of a crushing type. Different dogs were to hunt a large and fur beast. The main transport on the hunt in the past was only a deer, since the x. For example, the staff of Tyuyavun. At the upper end of the staff, a semblance of a pen is made, on the lower there is a fork. The staff is multifunctional, used for planting in the saddle, supporting equilibrium, determining the prescription of the animal trace.
From the collection of A. photo A. They had driving and cargo saddles. Reindeer husbandry in Western and Eastern Evenks differed in the size of herds, methods for caring for deer, nomadic cycles. But in the XIX century. In the XIX century. Photo of Komarovsky. The beginning of the XX century. Defense care is based on the biological cycle of these animals and human needs.
Smokerope option. To limit the movement, some deer were put on the neck of the kuluk. Homemade deer their owners make tags on their ears. The reindeer herder team on the Soviet collective farm. Reindeer husbandry has become a “pass” to obtain the right to state support and the territory of traditional nature management. The image of a deer is present in literary and artistic works, on household items.
The image of a deer on the details of the children's saddle. Bolder boat and muzzle for fishing. Small fish was caught, burning the rivers by hedges from Talniki rods - constipation and installing a wicker “basket” between it - the face. Lower Tunguska. They learned to fish with nets and nets from neighboring peoples-Russians, Yakuts, including fishing with a network of ice.
Guyavun cue ball. The blueberries are collected with a beetle of Guyavun. Clothes are harvested. Evenki divided a year into several to four to seven-eight seasons. Deer at the smokers. The parking lots are arranged near large rivers. Men look after deer, tracking the direction of their movement, monitor the smoke cums, as well as fish, hunt. During this period of the year, little move.
Kaplina finishes Olenuha. Photos of V. Women make winter clothes, outline things that will be left on a labase, finish the Olekh, make trips to the village, etc. At the end of autumn, from the cover on October 14, BC. Photo and signature to him V. Winter Tyge. The hunt continues, 5 months before severe frosts. Typically, by December 19, Nikolin's day Evenki used to go to the villages to pass the fur.
Women cook food, look in order in the dwelling, degrease and make, together with men, the skins of produced animals. People spend time at home, tell fairy tales and hunting stories. Spring Nelkeni, Nannani. Evenks distinguish between two periods of spring: with snow and after melting snow. At this time, the occupation of reindeer husbandry is the main one. Winter things are taken to Labaza.
Nature is revived from winter sleep. The interactive atlas of the indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East: languages and culture.