Biography of Vasily Poyarkov

Rich and bread Siberia has always been a tidbit for Russia, who dreamed of joining its territory to its possessions. An important role in this matter was assigned to the pioneers, but its open spaces turned out to be too huge, and numerous people lived on them, who did not want to hear about any accession. The pioneers were a separate caste of bold talented and educated people, but there were not many of them at that time.

How many their heads have folded them in difficult expeditions is difficult to calculate. The names of many of them have still been preserved by the story as the first conquerors of Siberia. A special place in their list is occupied by Vasily Poyarkov, a person who has been on the expedition for three years, and has received very important information about new lands for Russia.

Unfortunately, in the historical annals, there is no information about the beginning of the pioneer’s life path, even the date of his birth is definitely not established. If you believe the all -knowing Wikipedia, then Vasily Poyarkov was born in the year, and that his parents were small nobles of the city of Kamyshin. According to other sources, “service people” could be the ancestors of Poyarkov.

Again, there are disputes against the hometown of Vasily, some sources say that this is Kashin now this is the territory of the Tver region, in others, that he was born in one of the northern Russian provinces. What information is reliable, now you can’t recognize now, but one thing is known for sure - Poyarkov had a good education, and therefore became a “written head” with the Yakut governor Peter Golovin.

In addition, he still fulfilled his special instructions. The traveler’s expeditions are the education of the Yakut Voivodeship, which was headed by Golovin, dates from the mid -seventeenth century. He was considered a stronghold of Rus' in the north, it was located on the border of territories that still had to really study, explore and master. It was there that all the expeditions of Russian travelers began to go in search of new lands.

The great interest of pioneers and royal people was aroused by only one country - a fabulous Dauria. At that time, only some travelers, the most daring and purposeful, were able to get to her at that time. It was from them that in Russia they learned that her lands were imperceptibly rich. Golovin needed reliable information about these treasures, so a special expedition led by Vasily Poyarkov went to the Amur valley.

He had previously established himself as a tough, but purposeful and responsible person. They set sail on two wooden ships from Yakutsk. The travelers received weapons from the governor - one ship was equipped with a hundred of nuclei, each Cossack had a squeal, one of the first gunshot rifles. At the very beginning, the route on the map was also designated. The expedition took place in all unknown lands located on the mountainous coast of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk.

Travelers had to overcome the stormy and wayward Siberian rivers. At first, they decided to go down the Lena River to the mouth of her tributary - Aldan. Then, in several stages, they planned to reach two rivers - Uchur and Gona. Along the way, the Cossacks overcome multiple thresholds, they did not so much float as they dragged their ships. Therefore, they moved slowly, although they realized that cold would come.

The map of the expedition of Vasily Poyarkov Poyarkov decided to divide, and ordered parts of the detachment to stay winter on ships, and he himself went on together with the rest of the team members. They managed to cross the deadline and get into the Amur basin. Travelers moved on sledges. After that, they went towards the valley of the Zei River, to where the mysterious and unknown country of Daurius beckoned.

In December, Poyarkov first met the local population - Mongol -speaking Daurov. They turned out to be sinking, working, peaceful tribes, the main activity of which was cattle breeding and agriculture. Their bins were bursting with grain, game and other supplies, they lived in wooden dwellings, in the center of which there was a hearth. For sewing clothes, skins and skin were used, women flaunted in silk bargained behind a fur from the Chinese.

They knew every trade route that brought them goods from distant Asia. Poyarkov, amazed at what he saw, decided to use force and force local rulers to pay tribute to the Russian treasury. To achieve the goal, he captured several feudal lords hostage, but this only angered Daurov. They sieged the winter of the Russian traveler. The Cossacks began to starve, but Poerkov did not spare their subordinates, and did not give them flour or other food.

Dauras to somehow survive, people ate the bark of trees, picked up the carrion. Naturally, very soon mor began in their ranks. The Dauras dared, tried to turn the situation in their favor and destroy the Russians, but the Cossacks killed the attackers from gunshot rifles. Strong hunger forced the Cossacks to eat corpses of Daur. Spring soon came, and the help of that part of the detachment that winter on Gonama arrived at the starving Cossacks.

The siege broke up.Now in the Izarkov detachment there were less than a hundred fighters, and in full force they set sail down Zee, then crossed the Amur. During this trip, Poyarkov also met other Amur tribes. But they have already reached rumors about the cruelty of the Russians, and therefore the Aborigines did not allow the Russian ships to even moor on the shore, not like going to land.

Local tribes defended the arrows. The Cossacks met in a deadly duel with a tribe of hardworking farmers of the Duchecers, who completely destroyed a detachment of scouts sent by Poyarkov. Then the pioneers reached the Gold tribe, who were engaged in fishing. Poyarkov did not touch them, he saw that the people were poor, he barely makes ends meet. Further along the path of Poyarkov and his people, Gilyaks met, also developing fish fishing.

They are the only ones who, on a voluntary basis, paid tribute by sables and swore in the fidelity of Rus'. It was the Gilyaks who told Poyarkov about the island called Sakhalin, where there are a lot of furs. The island is inhabited by "hairy people" - Ainam. Poyarkov wanted to stay there. The wintering dragged on, and the Cossacks again suffered from hunger.

The vessels with a thinning detachment of the Cossacks were able to go to the Amur Liman only in May, when the river completely cleared of ice. Three months of swimming passed the Ainom people, and Poyarkov’s vessels fell into a strong storm. Travelers had to stop again for a forced wintering. At the mouth of the hive, they saw a hut that served as a wintering Russian traveler Ivan Moskvitin, who had visited Poyarkov before.

The Cossacks began to build new vessels, thanks to which they returned back to their native Yakutsk. It was a year, from the detachment, the number of people exhausted by hunger and diseases remained in the Cossack. It took this expedition for three years, his detachment overcame the distance of eight thousand kilometers. It must be admitted that the victims in this campaign were not small, Poyarkov made many mistakes in the matters of establishing relations with local nationalities.

But, despite this, the results of the expedition were amazing. Poyarkov was the first to discover the Zesko-Burein plain, the first to go along Zee and Amur to the very sea. He collected data on the previously unknown island Sakhalin, provided cards where Siberian rivers were precisely marked. He wrote many notes about how local tribes live and arrange their life, shared interesting facts about the geography of the territory that he studied.

The Zesko-Bureinskaya plain, but the most important of all, told by Poyarkov, was that he confirmed the insecurity of local tribes living in the Amur. The researcher concluded that the tribes do not belong to any centralized state. Reporting the governor, Poyarkov said that in the acquisition of these territories, the sovereign would have great benefits. From the meager data on the biography of the pioneer, it became known that after returning, he reported not to Golovin about the results, but to V.

Pushkin, who temporarily held this position. Those who survived on this campaign wrote a complaint about Poyarkov, but they never accepted it for consideration. Until Ga Vasily held the position of “written head”, then he was sent to Moscow, where he was waiting for a promotion. Now Poyarkov was no longer a county nobleman, but Moscow, on full official security. Confirmation has been preserved that in the 10th years, Poyarkov took the place of the governor of the city of Userend.

They may be familiar.