M murtazina biography

The autobiography of Musa Murtazin, cited by A. Lizyukov, tells about the difficult childhood of the future hero. If we discard the rhetoric and terminology that is characteristic of that time, designed in the spirit of communist ideology, a very realistic picture from the life of the Bashkir poor at the beginning of the 20th century is obtained. Musa Murtazin wrote: “Our family was very poor, there was almost no economy ...

However, my father did not want to give us to employees to local fists. He was very proud and preferred that we, although hesitation, in deprivation and shortcomings, live with our family. I had cousins, who, having long sold the tsarist government, occupied excellent places, positions of judges, volost elders, etc. They did not need a life for life. My father, who, with all the troubles of life, never turned to them for help, they hated.

To ruin my old man, to pick up our land and turn us into their shepherds and workers was their main desire. But the father stubbornly defended his independence and brought us up in this spirit. He taught us to be harsh, but proud and honest .... When I was 8 years old, my father fell ill, and all the work on the household fell on the shoulders of her older brother - a summer boy. We did not have the means to hire workers, and my brother and I fought more than worked.

When his brother was 13 years old, he was sent to study in the nearest village, to school. Together with my mother, I drove my brother to school products. Arriving there, I watched the school life of children, their classes and games, and I must admit that at such a moment I felt very unhappy. Returning home, I asked my parents to send and study me. Once I met a Bashkir teacher, and he suggested that I learn from him.

In one winter, I learned the Bashkir letter, learned to read and write. However, my teachings ended on this. Subsequently, I got already at the Bashkir school. Sending me to study, my father gave me everything he could - 30 pounds of rye bread and ice cream. In a school hostel, where the children of rich and privileged parents lived, they also found a corner for me behind the stove, where I lived all winter.

Teachers paid all their attention to the children of the rich, and they, the poor, were neglecting to us. It really killed me, and I was inwardly sick. This pain intensified by the shortcomings in the means of existence. My father could only supply me with barley bread, and for everything else I had to get anywhere myself. For 2-3 kopecks, I performed permanently, day after day, the duties of the school watchman and at the same time prepared for the next lessons.

In such conditions, I stayed at school for 4 months. Then I could not stand it and was forced to return home. Two years have passed in homework, during which my brother and I managed to straighten our farm a little. My brother and I have grown up and could work seriously. We even had the idea of ​​building a new house. I went to the forest, chopped and drove trees and built a log house myself.

We got an iron plow, which in our region was an innovation. Improving our economic life gave our official relatives the opportunity to prevent us. They have long been looking for the opportunity to pick up our land and finally ruin us. And then one day, when neither me nor my brother was at home, they came to my sick father and began a quarrel with him. At first, his father simply asked him to leave him alone, then, when curses fell on him, he could not stand it and invited them to get out.

Then one of the cousins ​​hit his father on the head with a stick. Father could not stand it and died. Returning home, I was already an orphan. The houses were operated by the forensic administrative commission and the local zemstvo doctor.

They all agreed and recorded that the death of my father followed from a blow. After the death of the father, our situation became terrible. From all sides of the crow, our enemies attacked us, defenseless. They did not stop at any meanings to discredit us. Whoever has a horse or a cow-a suspicion of us, a fire will flare up somewhere-Murtazins are also to blame.

Life was difficult. You will not find neither truth nor protection ... Our financial situation was already difficult every day, it became worse. It was necessary to look for a way out. I had an idea to leave my homeland to look for earnings, but when I came to the headman to ask for a passport, I found out what kind of passport I had to pay: the money is small, only one and a half rubles, but I did not have that kind of money.

My attempt to get a passport through the volost foreman also ended in failure for free. The situation was hopeless. But, fortunately, a comrade and I began to look for gold and found a large nugget. This gave me the opportunity to pay arrears ... ”[on the Republic of Belarus. Perhaps he deliberately thickened the colors to emphasize his proletarian origin, since in the “Brief Autobiography and an explanatory note ...”, what was written earlier, he cited somewhat different information: “...

he graduated from the village of Bayramgulova’s rural Mektebe. He began to serve as hiring as a plowman from the age of 15, and as Mugalim from the age of 19. In g.In accounting cards, he indicated that in the city of Personal Fund M. Military service in the tsarist army - gg. Having reported the beginning of his service in the educational part, Murtazin wrote: “In the fall, G.

Medical Commission almost did not examine me and determined me with fit. I received an appointment with an artilleryman in Vladivostok. The nearest station from me stood in kilometers. I made this long way in a degree of fruit. We used to serve hard military service, the poorest, the rich had the opportunity to pay off. In the wagons, we had a scandal with the Russians.

The national enmity between us and them was created by the tsarist government intentionally. It began with the fact that the tsarist government seized the Bashkir lands, forests and pastures, introduced Orthodoxy by force, and a part of the rich Bashkirs bribed. All this contributed to the fact that the Russians and the Bashkirs sold to them occupied the dominant position in the region.

Our scandal with Russian soldiers in wagons was the most common thing in the relations of Russians and Bashkirs. It began with the fact that Russian soldiers who were traveling in the same echelon began to laugh at the Bashkirs. At the stops, they took all their places at the station, did not give a place for the Bashkirs in line for boiling water, threw rude nicknames.

I tried to persuade them, but I had no success. Then I decided to act in an organized manner. A fight ensued and, despite the fact that there were fewer Russians, the victory remained with us. Russian soldiers practically recognized the speed of the eye, the dexterity of the hands and the power of Bashkir’s blow. We went to Vladivostok for a month. We drove through the impassable Siberian taiga, moved through the Baikal mountains and the free ridge, and the farther from the homeland, the more sad in the heart.

It seemed that I would never return back to myself. In Vladivostok, I got into iron bondage. The military drill began. They taught the titles of the king, queen, heir, and their legs beat off the city with songs. This island is a deserted and stony area, on all sides, strengthened by numerous forts and a huge number of marine long -range guns. It is only 10 kilometers from Vladivostok, but with the outside world it has no connection.

We were kept into the discipline of Mordoboy and did not let us go anywhere, even to Vladivostok ... In August, he had been in the war before G. G. graduated from the artillery training team. He served in the 9th Infantry Artillery Brigade in the I battery by a scorer, further fireworker, on November 25, he stayed on this front for a year, i.e. was promoted to senior fireworks ...

”[on the Republic of Belarus. In September, G. at the origins of the Bashkir Republic. Biographies of the figures of the Bashkir National Movement - GG. Ufa: Kitap, there are appropriate notes in the service card about the years of service during the First World War that from November to May. Murtazin fought "against the Germans on the Western Front", and since May, G.