The biography of Ilyich Mechnikov
In the city, as a gymnasium student, he attended lectures on comparative anatomy and physiology at Kharkov University. In gg. He graduated from the university with an external agent at the age of 19, having passed a four -year university course in two years. After graduating from the university, he trained in Germany in the laboratories of the zoologist and parasitologist Rudolf Leocket, Anatoma and pathologist Friedrich Genle, Zoologist Karl Zibold.
He studied the parasitology of worms and insect embryology. From G. B and GG. He was an assistant professor, with G. Ilya Mechnikov was elected a corresponding member, in the city of Mechnikov he was the head of the Odessa bacteriological station of the Ukrainian Research Institute named after He was an honorary member of Moscow University and the London Royal Society, a foreign member of the Paris Academy of Sciences Ilya Mechnikov laid the foundations of evolutionary embryology, comparative pathology, the teachings of immunity and other sections of biology and medicine.
He created the first Russian school of immunologists, microbiologists, pathologists. He discovered the phenomenon of phagocytosis, on the basis of which he developed the theory of phagocytic immunity and comparative pathology of inflammation proposed by him the “doctrine of cytoxins” predetermined the beginning of studies on the study of pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Mechnikov also owns work on epidemiology of a number of infectious diseases.
He, together with the French bacteriologist, Emil Ru for the first time during the experiment, caused syphilis in monkeys and developed methods for the prevention of this disease. In the last years of his life, Ilya Mechnikov studied the problems of gerontology. The scientist believed that old age and death in a person occur prematurely, as a result of self -reflection of the body with the products of the vital activity of microbes and other poisons.
Attaching great importance to the intestinal microbial flora, he proposed a number of preventive and hygienic means of combating the self -reflection of the body, such as sterilization of food, restriction of meat consumption, and the use of lactic acid products. Mechnikov was the first to formulate the provision on the benefits of microbial antagonism for human health, becoming the ancestor of the modern concept of probiotics.
The author of the works “Studying intracellular digestion in invertebrates”, “Embryological studies on jellyfish”, “Lectures on a comparative pathology of inflammation”, “Immunity in infectious diseases”, books “Studies about the nature of a person”, “Stage of optimism”, “Forty years of search for a rational worldview”, etc. For work in the field of immunology, the phagocytic theory Ilya Mechnikov in G.
received it together with the German doctor and bacteriologist Paul Erlich, one of the creators of the humoral theory of immunity. He was awarded the gold medal of Alexander II, the medal of the city of Kopli of the London Royal Society. Commander of the French Order of the Legion of Honor Laureate of the award named after Baer, St.
Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Ilya Mechnikov died on July 15 on July 2 according to the old style of G. according to the will of the scientist, his body was given to medical studies with subsequent cremation, an urn with ashes is stored in the front hall of the library of the Pasteur Institute. He was married twice. The first wife - Lyudmila Vasilievna Fedorovich - died in the city